![]() ![]() The emergence of these two groups in the early eighteenth century had lasting implications for future rebellions in both colonies, and shape national and racial identity discourses in the post-emancipation era. This paper analyzes early eighteenth-century colonial repression of marronnage by co-opting intermediary groups whose freedom for even themselves was precarious – the Jamaican maroons and the freemen of color-dominated maréchaussée of Saint Domingue. Contrairement à ce que pensent certains historiens haïtiens, l’occupation américaine fut la conséquence de l’effondrement de l’État haïtien1. Conversely, despite its singularity as the only rebellion that resulted in the abolition of slavery and independence from colonialism, the Haitian Revolution lacks preceding large-scale revolts or maroon wars that were more common in Jamaica. It might be argued that the 1739 treaty between the Jamaican Maroons and the British prevented the colony from being overtaken by the maroons and their enslaved collaborators, thereby precluding it from becoming the first free black nation in the Americas – a distinction that Haiti (Saint Domingue) famously holds. ![]()
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